Long Term Objectives of Apple free essay sample

Client Related targets †¢Launch new imaginative items to keep the dependable clients flawless, form new client base and increase upper hand over the contenders. †¢Develop vital way to deal with develop piece of the pie in developing markets like India. In India apple I telephone is as yet positioned after android upheld telephones. Interior Business Processes destinations †¢Develop moral providers for its items: Unlike Foxconn (the current provider of I telephone), which ordinarily endures with work turmoil because of sick and unscrupulous working conditions.In since quite a while ago run Apple should target supplanting Foxconn with a superior and moral provider in light of the fact that having related with such provider can discolor the picture of Apple and can impart wrong signs to investors and partners. †¢Develop Research and Development office to distinguish future item advancement and improvement openings. Learning Growth (Employees) targets †¢Reduce representative pace of whittling down at center to top administration level to the business normal of 15%: Talent maintenance is a most significant activity in the quic k moving innovation industry where consistently there is new organization being shaped and sold for billions USD. We will compose a custom article test on Long haul Objectives of Apple or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The accomplishment for any organization exists in the ability of human asset it has. Along these lines, it essential to hold the abilities at center to top level administration which are associated with key dynamic and secret item research. †¢Employees on or more center level administration having over five years of business (with 4 star execution rating) at Apple PCs to be unshakably sent to top positioned graduate schools to consider law and afterward fill in as patent lawyer (with pay climb and other impetus) at Apple to battle against different patent issues emerging (Samsung being the most recent).

Tax and Research free essay sample

Research and Planning Midterm Chapter 1 20. Talk about what is implied by the term â€Å"double taxation† of organizations. Build up a case of twofold tax assessment utilizing a partnership and investor. The term â€Å"double taxation† alludes to the burdening of a similar pay twice. This sort of tax collection commonly results from a C enterprise paying expense on its available pay and investors delivering personal assessment on any profits got from the C Corporation. The effect of twofold tax collection from C enterprises has been significantly decreased by the way that since 2003, profits are charged at a greatest pace of 15%. The most notable case of twofold tax assessment in the U. S. is the personal assessment collected once on corporate salary and afterward again when benefits are circulated as profits to investors. 21. Constrained risk organizations (LLCs) are well known today as a type of association. Accept a customer requests that you clarify what this sort of association is about. We will compose a custom exposition test on Expense and Research or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Set up a concise depiction of the government personal assessment parts of LLCs. A Limited Liability Company or LLC is an authoritative document of business association with every day exercises like an organization however with constrained risk like a partnership. A LLC is framed in the state in which it works. A LLC is framed by documenting Articles of Organization with the state in which you will work together. Constrained risk organizations (LLCs) are for the most part burdened as associations. Along these lines, the LLC isn't dependent upon personal assessment on its available salary however such pay is distributed to the individuals (proprietors) of the LLC.. 23. Organizations and S partnerships are move through elements. Regarding recording yearly assessment forms, these elements must incorporate Form K-1 in the profits. What is Form K-1, what is its motivation, and who gets the structure? Structure K-1 is a vital piece of the yearly organization assessment form. It reports a partner’s allocable portion of association conventional pay and independently expressed things, for example, profits, long haul capital additions, and so forth. The K-1 is set up for each accomplice in the association and is loaded up with Form 1065(annual Partnership expense form). On the off chance that an organization has ten accomplices, there will be a K-1 for each. A duplicate of each partner’s K-1 is given to them with the goal that they can report the data on their own expense forms. Section 2 4. Rundown the conditions that must be met so as to guarantee a reliance exception for qualifying youngsters and family members. Quickly clarify every one. (1) Identification number-all wards must have government disability numbers provided details regarding the taxpayer’s return, (2) Citizenship wards must meet a citizenship test(dependents must be U. S. residents or nationals, or inhabitants of the U. S. , Canada, or Mexico for some piece of the year), (3) Married wards can't regularly document a joint return however they are qualified for the exclusion on the off chance that they record exclusively to guarantee a discount of assessment retained , and (4) No ward †wards who document an expense form can't guarantee individual or reliance exceptions on their profits. Extra prerequisites for Qualifying kids are (1) Relationship test †qualified kids must be the taxpayer’s kid (counting normal, embraced, encourage, and stepchildren) or kin (counting half-kin and step-kin), (2) Age test †a passing youngster must be under 19, a full-time understudy under 24, or for all time and completely debilitated, (3) Abode test †a passing kid must have a similar head house as the citizen for the greater part of the year, and (4) Support test †a passing kid may not act naturally supporting for more than one-portion of their own help during the year. Prerequisites for Other wards †(1) Relationship test â€other family members must be identified with the citizen or dwell in the taxpayer’s family for the whole year, (2) Gross salary test †the ward must have net pay not exactly the measure of the individual exception, and (3) Support test †The ward must get more than one-portion of their help from the citizen. 6. Under what conditions should a citizen utilize a rate plan rather than an assessment table? A citizen will utilize a rate plan rather than a duty table if available salary surpasses the most extreme in the assessment table (as of now $100,000) or if the taxpayerâ is utilizing a unique expense calculation technique, for example, shortyear calculation. 17. Clarify what is implied by the expression look after family unit. The expression keep up a family unit intends to pay more than one-portion of the expenses of the family unit. These expenses incorporate property charges, contract intrigue, lease, ut ility charges, upkeep and fixes, property protection and food devoured on the premises. Such expenses do exclude garments, training, clinical treatment, excursions, disaster protection and transportation. Section 3 6. A landowner who gets prepaid lease is required to report that sum as gross pay when the installment is gotten. For what reason would Congress decide to do this? What issue does this make for the citizen? Congress charges prepaid rental salary in view of worry that citizens may some way or another go through the cash and afterward be not able to pay the duty when it comes due. Burdening such sums is to burden pay when citizens have the best fortitude to pay. The issue made for the citizen is that they are burdened before they bring about related costs. Fixes, protection, deterioration, premium and different costs are brought about as the salary is earned. Subsequently, there is a crisscrossing of income and cost. 7. Office space is regularly without cover, divider covering, or window covering. Besides, numerous tenant contracts indicate that these enhancements can't be evacuated by an inhabitant if expulsion makes any harm the property. What issue does this raise? The issue raised by such plans may make the IRS question whether the upgrades are being made in lieu of lease. In the event that this was the situation, at that point the proprietor of the property might be required to remember the estimation of the enhancements for net pay. Part 4 7. What is the duty noteworthiness of the face measure of an extra security arrangement? The face measure of extra security is avoided from the gross pay of a recipient if the sum is paid upon the demise of the safeguarded. On the off chance that the sum paid surpasses the essence of the approach, at that point the abundance is available. 21. What kinds of salary fit the bill for the remote earned pay prohibition? The prohibition is relevant to profit from individual administrations rendered in remote nations. To fit the bill for the outside earned pay rejection, a citizen should either be a real occupant of at least one remote nations for the whole available year or be available in at least one outside nations for at least 330 days during a time of 12 back to back months. Section 5 1. What issue may exist in deciding the sum acknowledged for a speculator who trades? regular supply of traded on an open market enterprise for a pre-owned structure? How is the issue liable to be settled? It will most likely be hard to decide the honest assessment of the pre-owned structure got by the financial specialist. The issue is probably going to be settled by utilizing the FMV of the property given to gauge the sum figured it out. 15. Four years back, Susan advanced $7,000to her companion Joe. During the present year, the $7,000 advance is viewed as useless. Clarify how Susan should treat the useless obligation for charge purposes. The obligation is a non-business terrible obligation and the misfortune ought to be treated as a momentary capital misfortune. Part 6 For what reason is the qualification between findings for AGI and the reasonings from AGI significant for people? Reasonings for AGI decrease the citizens net salary by everything of the derivation regardless of whether the standard finding is utilized. Conclusions from AGI are not advantageous except if their aggregate surpasses the standard derivation, wherein case these reasonings will be incorporated as organized findings. 2. Sam claims a little house that he leases to understudies going to the neighborhood college. Are the costs related with the rental unit derivations for or from AGI? Costs brought about in delivering rental salary are derivations for AGI. Part 7 1. a. For what people may a citizen deduct clinical costs? A citizen may deduct clinical costs brought about for himself, their life partner, their wards, and their kids. The citizen may likewise deduct clinical costs paid for a person who might somehow or another qualify as a ward with the exception of the way that the gross pay test isn't met, despite the fact that the citizen may not take an exclusion for the person. b. On account of offspring of separated from guardians, should the parent who is qualified for the reliance exclusion pays the clinical costs of the youngster to guarantee that the costs are deductible? Clarify. No, the clinical costs brought about by the separated from guardians of a youngster are deductible by whichever parent causes the costs, despite the fact that the parent bringing about the costs isn't qualified for the reliance exclusion for the kid. c. Who should pay the clinical costs of a person who is the subject of a different help understanding? The citizen who is the subject of a numerous help understanding is treated as the ward of the citizen who is qualified for take the reliance exception. Since a citizen may deduct clinical costs subject to the 7. 5% of AGI limit caused for a ward, the citizen qualified for the reliance exception under the numerous help understanding ought to be the person who pays the clinical costs. 12. What is an advertisement valorem charge? On the off chance that an assessment that is imposed on close to home property isn't a promotion valorem charge, under what conditions may it despite everything be deductible? An advertisement valorem charge is an expense controlled by the estimation of the property being burdened instead of some different meas

Tuesday is the new black.

Tuesday is the new black. DID YOU KNOW? After failing to acquire MIT no less than 3 times in the early 20th century, Harvard used a substantial grant from George F. Baker to establish a school for engineering in Cambridge. This college is now known as Harvard Business School. Today is a virtual Monday at MIT. Unlike most colleges, we get Presidents day off despite the fact that it sometimes occurs a mere nine days into term. However, since we get so many Mondays off during the spring semester, today we are actually following a Monday schedule even though its Tuesday. Just think of how fascinating an entry this is going to make! Well, it turns out that MIT is such an important institution in the scientific community, the global society, and the fabric of reality, that if it changes its schedule for even one day without telling people, things all over the world start to unravel. Three totally crazy things happened yesterday, and I totally blame/credit this whole Tuesday is the new black with the generally bizarre happenings yesterday in this ever changing world in which we livin. Thing One Lawrence H. Intrinsic Aptitude Summers 75, President of Harvard, resigned! This was so important that I had to wake Mitra up from her nap to tell her. Now, I like to keep this blog pretty much politically neutral on all issues except one, but Id still like to paraphrase a particularly excellent quote from VooDoo, MITs only intentionally humorous campus publication. Opposite [President Hockfield] stands the scholar, Senior Haus alumnus Larry Summers, who is living the MIT dream and running Harvard into the ground Thing Two Caroline, my friend from marching band, and one of like the five coolest people on campus, moved up to the top two or three when she showed me this birthday card that she has signed by JONATHAN SAFRAN FOER! Have you read Everything is Illuminated? If not, stop reading my stupid piece of horse dung blog and run out and buy it. Seriously. Its totally the most fantastic and ethereal book that Ive ever read in my admittedly short life. Hush, and then: the curtains of clouds parting, the hands of thunder clapping. The universe poured down in a divine onslaught of bombing vomit. Anyway, the story goes that one day last year in Maryland where Caroline lives, Jonathan Safran Foer came down to do a signing of his second, vastly inferior novel Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close. Caroline was totally unable to go for some reason such as sickness or being at MIT or something, so her parents went to it. Realizing that it was Carolines birthday that very week, they bought a Hidden passions of chocolate card from the nearby gift shop and took it to Jonathan to sign. A week later they sent the card to her, and a few days later they told her exactly who signed it because, you know, its not totally obvious. (Sams Mom is writing this down.) Thing Three So I was super-tooling for 10.37: Chemical Kinetics and Reactor Design and I cracked open this text for the first time to look up some fugacity equilibrium relations. I really didnt expect to find this on page 1040. So here, right after a problem on methanol synthesis, I had the privelege of discovering author H. Scott Foglers recipe for Cajun Seafood Gumbo. Apparently the recipe (including time of roux baking and onion sauteing) is provided as an example of a batch process problemgiven this set of cooking parameters and feed ingredients, what is the best way of making a reactor for synthesizing, canning, and exporting H. Scott Foglers seafood gumbo? Mens et manus? Et gumbo, Brute.

Fraud Definition and Examples

Fraud is a broad legal term referring to  dishonest acts that intentionally use deception to illegally deprive another person or entity of money, property, or legal rights. Unlike the crime of theft, which involves the taking of something of value through force or stealth, fraud relies on the use of intentional misrepresentation of fact to accomplish the taking. Fraud: Key Takeaways Fraud is the intentional use of false or misleading information in an attempt to illegally deprive another person or entity of money, property, or legal rights.In order to constitute fraud, the party making the false statement must know or believe that it is untrue or incorrect and intended to deceive the other party.Fraud may be prosecuted as both a criminal and civil offense.Criminal punishments for fraud can include a combination of prison, fines, and restitution to victims. In proven cases of fraud, the perpetrator—a person who carries out a harmful, illegal, or immoral act—may be found to have committed either a  criminal offense  or a  civil wrong. In committing fraud, perpetrators may be seeking either monetary or non-monetary assets by deliberately making false statements. For example, knowingly lying about one’s age to obtain a drivers license, criminal history to get a job, or income to get a loan may be fraudulent acts. A fraudulent act should not be confused with a â€Å"hoax†Ã¢â‚¬â€a deliberate deception or false statement made without any intention of gain or of materially damaging another person. Perpetrators of criminal fraud may be punished by fines and/or imprisonment. Victims of civil fraud may file lawsuits against the perpetrator seeking monetary compensation. To win a lawsuit claiming civil fraud, the victim must have suffered actual damages. In other words, the fraud must have been successful. Criminal fraud, on the other hand, can be prosecuted even if the fraud failed. In addition, a single fraudulent act may be prosecuted as both a criminal and civil offense. Thus, a person convicted of fraud in criminal court may also be sued in civil court by the victim or victims. Fraud is a serious legal matter. Persons who believe they have been the victim of fraud, or have been accused of committing fraud, should always seek the expertise of a qualified attorney. Necessary Elements of Fraud While the specifics of laws against fraud vary from state to state and at the federal level, there are five essential elements necessary  to prove in court that a crime of fraud has been committed: A misrepresentation of a material fact:  A false statement involving a material and pertinent fact must be made. The gravity of the false statement should be adequate to substantially affect the victim’s decisions and actions. For example, the false statement contributes to a person’s decision to purchase a product or approve a loan.Knowledge of falsehood:  The party making the false statement must know or believe that it is untrue or incorrect.Intent to deceive:  The false statement must have been made expressly with the intent of deceiving and influencing the victim.Reasonable reliance by the victim:  The level to which the victim relies on the false statement must be reasonable in the eyes of the court. Reliance on rhetorical, outrageous, or clearly impossible statements or claims may not amount to â€Å"reasonable† reliance. However, persons known to be illiterate, incompetent, or otherwise mentally diminished may be awarded civil damages if the perpe trator knowingly took advantage of their condition.Actual loss or injury suffered:  The victim suffered some actual loss as a direct result of their dependence on the false statement. Statements of Opinion vs. Outright Lies Not all false statements are legally fraudulent. Statements of opinion or belief, since they are not statements of fact, may not constitute fraud. For example, a salesman’s statement, â€Å"Madam, this is the best television set on the market today,† while possibly untrue, is an unsubstantiated statement of opinion rather than fact, which a â€Å"reasonable† shopper might be expected to disregard as mere sales  hyperbole. Common Types Fraud comes in many forms from many sources. Popularly known as â€Å"scams,† fraudulent offers may be made personally or arrive through regular mail, email,  text messages,  telemarketing, and the internet. One of the most common types of fraud is  check fraud, the use of paper checks to commit fraud.   One of the main goals of check fraud is  identity theft—the gathering and use of personal financial information for illegal purposes. From the front of every check written, the identity thief can get the victim’s: name, address, phone number, bank name, bank routing number, bank account number, and signature. In addition, the store may add more personal information, such as date of birth and driver’s license number. This is why identity theft prevention experts recommend against using paper checks whenever possible. Common varieties of check fraud include: Check theft:  Stealing checks for fraudulent purposes.Check forgery:  Signing a check using the actual drawer’s signature without their authorization or endorsing a check not payable to the endorser, both usually done using stolen checks. Counterfeit checks are considered the equivalent of forged checks.Check kiting:  Writing a check with the intent of accessing funds that have not yet been deposited in the checking account. Also referred to as â€Å"floating† a check, kiting is the misuse of checks as a form of unauthorized credit.Paper hanging:  Writing checks on accounts that are known by the perpetrator to have been closed.Check washing:  Chemically erasing the signature or other handwritten details from checks to allow them to be rewritten.Check counterfeiting: Illegally printing checks using information from the victim’s account. According to the  U.S. Federal Reserve, American consumers and businesses wrote 17.3 billion paper checks in 2015, four times the number written in all of the  countries of the European Union  combined that year. Despite the trend toward debit, credit, and electronic payment methods, paper checks remain the most often-used way of making large payments for expenses like rent and payroll. Clearly, there is still plenty of opportunity and temptation to commit check fraud. Federal Fraud Through the  United States attorneys, the  federal government  prosecutes and punishes various types of fraud specifically identified under federal statutes. While the following list includes the most common of these, there is a wide range of federal, as well as state, fraud crimes. Mail fraud and wire fraud:  Using regular mail, or any form of wired communications technology, including telephones and the internet as part of any fraudulent scheme. Mail and wire fraud are often added as charges filed in other related crimes. For example, since the mail or telephone are typically used in attempting to arrange bribes of judges or other government officials, federal prosecutors may add charges of wire or mail fraud in addition to charges of bribery and corruption. Similarly, wire or mail fraud charges are often applied in the prosecution of  racketeering and RICO Act  violations.Tax fraud:  Takes place whenever a taxpayer attempts to avoid or evade paying federal income taxes. Examples of tax fraud include knowingly underreporting taxable income, overestimating business deductions, and simply not filing a tax return.Stock and securities fraud:  Typically involves the selling of stocks, commodities, and other securities through deceptive practices. Examples of securities fraud include  Ponzi or pyramid schemes, broker embezzlement, and foreign currency fraud. The fraud usually occurs when stockbrokers or investment banks convince people to make investments based on false or exaggerated information, or on â€Å"insider  trading† information not available to the public.Medicare and Medicaid fraud:  Usually takes place when hospitals, health care companies, or individual health care providers try to collect illegitimate repayments from the government by overbilling for services, or by performing unnecessary tests or medical procedures. Penalties Potential penalties for conviction of federal fraud typically involve prison or  probation, stiff fines, and repayment of fraudulently-acquired gains. Prison sentences can range from six months to 30 years for each separate violation. Fines for federal fraud can be very large. Convictions for  mail or wire fraud can bring fines of up to $250,000 for each violation. Frauds that harm large groups of victims or involve large sums of money can result in fines of tens of millions of dollars or more. For example, in July 2012, drugmaker Glaxo-Smith-Kline pleaded guilty to falsely branding its drug Paxil as being effective in treating depression in patients under age 18. As part of its settlement, Glaxo agreed to pay $3 billion to the government in one of  the largest health-care fraud settlements in U.S. history. Recognizing Fraud in Time The warning signs of fraud vary according to the type being attempted. For example, telemarketing calls from unknown callers telling you to â€Å"send money now† to take advantage of a special offer or claim a prize may be frauds. Similarly, random requests or demands for a Social Security or bank account number, mother’s maiden name, or a list of known addresses are often signs of identity theft. In general, most offers from companies or individuals that sound â€Å"too good to be true† are signs of fraud. Sources .Legal Dictionary: fraud  Law.com..Basic Legal Concepts / Fraud  Journal of AccountancyFraud—Burden of Proof: Washington Civil Jury Instructions.† Westlaw

Dante and Christian beliefs of the afterlife - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1972 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Dante's Inferno Essay Did you like this example? Inferno is the first part of Dante Alighieris poem, Divine Comedy, which tells of a journey of Dante through hell, purgatory, and heaven guided by the ancient Roman poet Virgil. Inferno is about the experiences Dante faced on his journey of the soul towards God as he travels the nine circles of hell to reach heaven. In the poem, hell is depicted as the realm for those who have disobeyed the spiritual values for cruel and violent actions against fellow human beings. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dante and Christian beliefs of the afterlife" essay for you Create order Through punishments, the poem serves an allegorical purpose and depicts how one suffers from committing such sins to redemption and eventually salvation. Allegory poems depict both the literal and symbolic meaning. Dante uses allegory in the poem and describes his struggles through the dark forest to salvation, and uses poetic justice in the form of contemporary, historical and mythological figures. The allegory used in the poem depicts the struggles a man goes through in his journey for redemption through Purgatorio and eventually to salvation through Paradiso. In Canto I, there are various Christian beliefs that demonstrate the consequences the humankind faces after committing sin. Dante describes how he finds himself confused in a dark forest as a result of his sins. The poem reads in the midway of this our mortal life; I found me in a gloomy wood, astray/Gone from the path direct. Dante was 35 years old when he wrote this poem, and he illustrates this by saying that midway through his life because most readings of the book of Psalms depict the life span of human kind to be 70 years old. He finds himself in a dark forest because he has gone astray from salvation and this is the punishment for doing so. The poem does not illustrate whether the forest is real or just another example of the allegorical and symbolic forest. Dante illustrates how confused he is because he has strayed from the right path of life and now the punishment is so harsh on him, that forest, how robust and rough its growth/ which to remember only my dismay/ renews, in bitterness not far from death. He regrets the life he has been living and now seeks redemption. Hope and faith are restored on him when he sees a mountain with light shining above it and hopes he can climb the mountain for redemption; he states in the poem that, I looked up and saw its shoulders brightened with the rays of that sun that leads men rightly on every road. However, as he tries to climb the mountain, he first sees a leopard leaping in front of him, but determined to climb the mountain, he continues trying, and then sees a lion coming on his path followed by a wolf, and, behold, almost at the start of the slope, a light, swift leopard with spotted coat. It would not turn from before my face, and so obstructed my path, that I often turned, in order to return. The three animals represent the three sins of violence and animosity, lack of self-control and finally, fraud and malice. These three animals make him turn around to the dark forest and stops climbing the mountain. Dante is saved by the Roman poet Virgil from this misery. In Canto II, Dante meets Virgil after losing hope and hopes that he will be his savior in his journey, and he states, Have pity on me, whoever you are, whether a man, in truth, or a shadow. Virgil explains how he has been sent by Beatrice, the girl that Dante loves and deems to be an angel from heaven, who represents divine love to come rescue him. Symbols of compassion (Virgin Mary), grace (Saint Lucia) and contemplative life (Rachel) are depicted in this Canto. Dante follows Virgil in the journey to the underworld. In Canto III, Dante passes through the gates of hell with a phrase that implies all hope should be abandoned forsake all hope, all you that enter here. Here, Dante meets the souls of those who never took sides in life but were only concerned with themselves. They are continually stung by wasps and hornets, and this symbolizes the sting of their guilty conscience from their sin. These people live miserable lives as they are cast out by Heaven and denied entry by Hell and Dante asks, Master, what is this I hear, and what race are these, that seem so overcome by suffering?. Dante and Virgil then meet Charon, the Hells boatman who transports the dead into the underworld, and is very hesitant to take the living into the underworld, Woe to you, wicked spirits! Never hope to see heaven: I come to carry you to the other shore, into eternal darkness, into fire and ice. And you, who are there, a living spirit, depart from those who are dead. Virgil guides Dante through the nine circles of Hell. The circles represent the wickedness of human beings on earth and how Satan is forever held in bondage of suffering. The sinners for each circle face punishments for their crime in what he refers to as poetic justice. The first circle is the limbo where Virgil resides and represents the people who are unbaptized and do not recognize the existence of Christ. These people represent that group that did not sin but rather refused the existence of Christ, they are the non-Christians adults and the unbaptized babies, they had no sin, yet, though they have worth, it is not sufficient, because they were not baptized, and baptism is the gateway to the faith that you believe in. They are punished by living in a deficient form of heaven for their ignorance of God, however, just like Noah, Moses, Abraham, David among others was saved from the limbo, they too can be saved. The second circle is the circle of lust, where those who are overcome by lust and sexual love are punished by the violent hellish storm that never stops. Lust in this circle led to the sins of adultery, and for cases such as Dido and Cleopatra, it led to a violent death. The third circle represents those who are swayed by voracious appetite and commit the crime of gluttony. They are punished by the constant icy rain which makes them grovel in the mad. The fourth circle represents the greedy people in society who are swayed by the material greed. They are punished by jousting heavy weights in their chests. Dante in his poem illustrates that, here, too, I saw a nation of lost souls/ far more than were above: they strained their chests against enormous weights, and with mad howls rolled them at one another. The fifth circle depicts the wrath faced by the wrathful and the sullen. The wrathful are forced to fight each eternally on the surface of the river while the sullen lay is gurgling under the river. Here, the poem allegorically reveals the punishment for sins that neither philosophy nor the nature of human kind can understand and it states in part, Now, son, see the souls of those overcome by anger, and also, I want you to know, in truth, there are people under the water, who sigh, and make it bubble on the surface, as your eye can see whichever way it turns. The sixth circle is for the heretics who claim that the soul died with the body and failed to believe in God and the afterlife and they are punished in the flaming tombs. They are locked in the burning tombs since they did not believe in Hell. The seventh circle is for violence, O blind desires, evil and foolish, which so goad us in our brief life, and then, in the eternal one, ruin us so bitterly, and it is divided into three sections. First, violence against neighbors that includes the war makers, murders and the tyrants and are punished by being immersed in a river of boiling blood and fire symbolizing the blood they took from their neighbors. The second section of this circle is the violence against self which includes people who committed suicide or even attempted to commit suicide, and they are punished by transforming their souls into gnarled thorny trees fed by birds or the Harpies that have women faces. The last section is for violence against God, art, and nature and includes the blasphemous and the sodomites where they are punished by the burning sand and hot flames falling from the sky. This symbolizes how those who go against the will of God never find peace and live in a very uncomfortable life. The eighth circle is that which punishes those who committed fraud and Dante describes it as the place in Hell. They include the flatterers, simonists, seducers, sorcerers corrupt politicians thieves, hypocrites, counselors of fraud, falsifiers among others and each of them were severely punished. Panderers and seducers are forced to march eternally in opposite directions just as they used seduction to force others to incline to their will. Flatterers who used their language to commit fraud are plunged in excrement, and he quotes one them saying, the flatteries, of which my tongue never wearied, have brought me down to this. Simonists represent the group that bribed for power in the Catholic Churches and are punished by being placed upside down in holes. The sorcerers and false prophets have their heads twisted so that they cannot see what is in front of them because of their false prophecies of the future. The corrupt politicians were placed in sticky pitches that represented their dirty and corrupt deals. The thieves are constantly attacked by lizards and snakes, and their human identity keeps undergoing various transformations and always subject to theft. The sowers of discord have their bodies torn apart as they divided people by their division among people while the fraudulent councilors are entrenched in their individual pyres. The falsifiers who consist of the impersonators and counterfeiters have their bodies and minds rotting in diseases. The last circle represents those who were punished for treachery. From the first circle Limbo to the last circle treachery, Dante documents the punishments of sinners from all walks of life, either as people in authority such as politicians to the very low class in society. These circles represent the seven deadly sins committed by human kind. The punishment depicted in these circles fits the sins committed, and the poem illustrates the realm of Satan and the Christian perception of sin. Through the use of allegory, contemporary, historical and mythological figures and poetic justice, Dante impacts hugely on the Christian beliefs of the afterlife and the live in hell. Through imagery of the poem, Dante depicts a very horrifying life one has to face for living a sinful life. The use of the first person narrator in the Inferno helps the reader associate with the struggles of a man in his journey for salvation and how it feels to go through the midlife crisis. Dantes Inferno also shows how the society views Satan as being inferior to God and how the decisions we make in life determine our fate in the afterlife, for instance, repentance and acknowledgement of God by following His will will guarantee us salvation in the afterlife while the sinful life we lead will lead us straight to the wrath of hell. Dante also goes into detail by differentiating the levels of sin by illustrating the different types of punishment described in each circle for the different sins committed . The poem describes the fundamental religious beliefs the society today deals with and the concept of punishment. Hope for salvation is displayed by the fact that Dante sees the light at the end of his journey and understands his own heart and what it takes to be saved from the sinful life.

Baseball and Boxing from Pre-modern to Modern Free Essays

Baseball and boxing make up a very large portion of the American sports culture, and for more than 100 years have developed into the professional, nationwide and international games that we can see on television today. In the 1870’s baseball started to be acknowledged as America’s national sport, however boxing enjoyed a similar popularity and both of these sports have changed from small-time amateur pastimes into televised, professional league sports that bring in millions of dollars each year and pay their athletes considerable amounts of money to keep on playing. While both baseball and boxing may now, and always have, attracted a different sort of crowd, they have both nevertheless developed along very similar lines. We will write a custom essay sample on Baseball and Boxing from Pre-modern to Modern or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1869 the Cincinnati Red Stockings were formed; the team was the very first professional baseball team and it went undefeated that first year after being challenged by many amateur teams (Goldstein, 1989, p. 70). Over the subsequent years (more than a century) since the inception of the National League and the American League, two factors of the game have changed significantly: the integration of ethnic minorities into the major Leagues and the fact the game itself has become less violent than it was in its earlier years. In the 1890’s, the segregation of black and white baseball teams began, following an initial period of integration that was very short-lived (White, 1995, p. 140). The Negro Leagues incorporated several different non-white leagues into one general ‘outsider’ structure of teams that were comprised predominantly of black players. Other ethnic minorities would have been relegated to these leagues instead of joining the National or American Leagues, which were solely comprised of white, male players. In 1945, after a huge push from many people within professional baseball that echoed the sentiments of an anti-racist American population, black baseball player Jackie Robinson was signed to the Montreal Royals and in a few short years the Negro Leagues would disband due to full integration. The early baseball players were not only taking part in a segregationist sport, they were also playing the game with much more violence than they are today. They tried harder to steal bases and to score runs than experts feel today’s players do; where once it was not uncommon for runners to physically interject when the basemen tried to catch a throw, now base runners will simply run to their base and let the field and basemen do their jobs. It is fair to say that the game has mellowed. Boxing has exhibited great similarity to the development of baseball in America, albeit an entirely different sport. Where baseball is a team game dependent on specific rules of play, boxing emerged as a sport totally dependent on the strength and will of one man to simply overpower another in a direct fist-fight. Bare-knuckle boxing is the ancestor of today’s boxing, a sport that is blatantly violent however in comparison to some of the fights that took place in the 19th century. Boxing in its infancy was carried to America by British settlers and has forever secured a place in the hearts of many sport enthusiasts in modern day. This is another sport that has become decidedly less violent and which has also seen its participators overcome the segregation that was rampant in early American society (Gorn, 1986, p. 128). In place of very strict guidelines where whites and blacks must not engage each other in sport, like in the baseball leagues, it was more common for mixed fighting to occur in boxing. The crowds could be massive at any event, and often the pitting of a white champion against a black one would draw even more attention to the point where thousands of would-be spectators were turned away. This was a sport in which black athletes could really carve a niche for themselves and, while constantly facing discrimination like any other minority at the time, a boxer could literally fight his way out of racial oppression. Bare-knuckle boxing is not extinct, however professional boxers are required to wear gloves that will not only protect their hands but their opponents as well. The sport is not as bloody and less of its participants will leave the ring with broken bones, however there can be no doubt that boxing is still a very primal, violent sport. Superficially speaking, it bears no resemblance to baseball, however these are two American sports that have evolved with a change in racial tensions and equality issues and with modern concerns over health and safety. Both have tamed considerably and allow minorities to play professionally. Reference List Goldstein, W. J. (1989). Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball. New York: Cornell University. Gorn, E. J. (1986). The Manly Art: Bare-Knuckle Prize Fighting in America. New York: Cornell University. White, S. and Malloy, J. (compiler) (1995). Sol White’s History of Colored Base Ball, with Other Documents on the Early Black Game 1886 How to cite Baseball and Boxing from Pre-modern to Modern, Papers

Brutal Attacks free essay sample

As I walked into the familiar classroom, the glares of the middle school girls directed me to the empty seat on the opposite side of the room. As they grouped around and whispered, the occasional scowls stabbed me in the back. As one of the messengers from the posse approached me, she explained that Haley, the ringleader, was going to beat me up after school. In disbelief, I laughed, wondering how the nonathletic girl planned to ever get close to me. Ignoring the gossip, I proceeded with my classwork but throughout the rest of the day, the consistent reports from others of the plan to â€Å"punch the ugliness† out of me started to sink in. In a panic, I ran to the bathroom and called my mom to come pick me up. Subsequently, the explanation of my desperate phone call led my mom to report the incident to the principal. Returning to school the next day to face Haley was more challenging than words can explain. We will write a custom essay sample on Brutal Attacks or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When the principal called Haley and me into the office, it was her story against my story with no evidence to prove anything. She denied every accusation of the threat, and her brainwashed clique members also rejected my claims. The meeting ended with Haley hugging me in an effort to defend her reputation to the principal. Throughout middle school, the two-faced characteristic of Haley controlled and manipulated my friendships. The inconsistent and unreliable girls of the school resulted in my complete independence. Although I yearned for a best friend to hangout with, Haley’s malicious attacks kept others from ever wanting to befriend me. I was alone and therefore focused on schoolwork and studied the traits of a good friend. Although Haley’s impact on my life negatively affected me, the experience of mean girls developed my understanding of the powerful influence that words have on others. When I switched schools before my eighth grade year, I left the trouble of Haley and strived to be the most uplifting and encouraging friend to everyone. Her vicious words and actions gave me the experience to aspire to never cause anyone that pain. Haley’s influence on my life is an important reminder for the manner in which I aspire to treat others.